
这篇文章我给大家总结归纳了初中重要的语法知识点,接下来分享具体的内容,供参考。
定冠词
1、特指某些人或事物,或者谈话中提到过的人和事。
例: 1.This is the house where my father once lived.
2、用在方位、方向名词前,表示特定方向或方位。
例:the east 东方,the left 左边,at the top 在顶上
3、用在某些乐器前,表示演奏。
例:play the piano/violin/guitar
4、指世上独一无二的事物,用在海洋、江河、海峡等地理名词前或者普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体等专有名词前。
例:the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 the USA 美国
the Great Wall 长城 the Huanghe River 黄河
5、用在序数词和形容词最高级前,以及形容词only,very,same等前面。
例:This is the second time that you have been late this month.
这是你这个月第二次迟到。
6、与复数名词连用,表示整个群体。如在姓氏复数前,则表示一家人。
例:They are the teachers of this school. (指全体老师)
They are teachers of this school.(指部分老师)
The Bakers came to see me yesterday.贝克一家人昨天来看我。
7、与某些形容词连用,形容词名词化,代表一类人。
例:the poor 穷人 the sick 病人
8、用在某些习惯语中。
例:In the morning 在早上 by the way 顺便地 at the begining 在一开始
注:在某些习惯语中不能加the
例:at noon 在中午 at dusk在黄昏
不定冠词a、an的用法1、a/an+可数名词单数形式,表示"一" 个。
例:There is an apple on the table. 桌子上有一个苹果。
2、表示一类人和东西。
例:A puma can be dangerous.狮子可能有危害性。
3、表示"某一个"的意思.
例:A girl is waiting for you. 某个女孩在等你。
4、 表示"同一"的意思。
例:The two pants are much of a size. 这两条裤子长度差不多。
5、 表示"每一"的意思。
例:We watch movie 2 times a week. 我们每周看两次**。
6、用在单数可数名词前,表示身份、职业。
例:My sister is a designer. 我姐姐是个设计师。
7、第一次提到的人或事物,但不特别指明是哪一个。
例:Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter.很久很久以前,有一个年老的国王,他有一个非常美丽的女儿。
8、特定句式搭配和短语中。
例:He is quite a good actor.他是一个相当好的演员。
Don't be in such a hurry. 不要如此匆忙。
What a pretty girl she is!她是一个多么漂亮的女孩呀!
a lot of许多 a couple of一对 a great many很多 a dozen一打 a great deal of 大量
时态的用法1、一般现在时:表示经常、反复发生的动作或行为
We study hard at school every day.我们每天在学校努力学习
The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转
2、一般过去时:表示在过去某个时候发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示在过去某段时间里经常发生的习惯性动作
What?did?you?do?during?the?last?summer?vocation你去年暑假做了什么?
Bob saw a movie before。鲍勃已经看过**了。
3、一般将来时:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事
We are going to Shanghai next Monday.下周一我们去上海
I will go to the movies. 我要去看**
4、现在进行时:表示在说话时或现阶段正在发生的动作或存在的状态
They are playing basketball now. 他们正在打篮球
She is preparing her lessons now. 她现在正在预习功课.
5、现在完成时 :表示在说话时结束的某一动作或状态
I have just turned off the light. 我刚刚把灯关上.
e has done a lot of work. 他干了许多工作。
6、现在完成进行时:表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始,也可能仍在继续,并可能延续到将来
She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考试前一直患重感冒.
How long have you been reading this book?这本书你读了多久了?
英语在初中是非常重要的科目之一,该如何学好英语是许多同学们担心的问题。以下是由我为大家整理的“初三上册英语知识点归纳”,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。
初三上册英语知识点归纳一. 定义:
由to+动词原形构成。不定式是一种非限定性动词。而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词,可分为不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词。“动词不定式”由动词+不定式构成。动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。
二. 动词不定式的构成:to+动词原形
(1)作主语
动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种: (1)把不定式置于句首。
如:To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。
如:
It+be+名词+to do It's our duty to take good care of the old.
It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work?
It+be+形容词+for sb+to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.
It+be+形容词+of sb+to do It is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher says.
It seems(appears)+形容词+to do It seemed impossible to save money.
在句型中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等;
在句型中,常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词。
在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式 ,如:It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English.
(3)举例
(1) It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了
easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough
1、It's so nice to hear your voice.
听到你的声音真高兴。
2、It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
当你不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。
(2) It's very kind of him to help us. 他帮助我们,他真好。
Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)
例句:
1、It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢,竟然相信了他。
2、It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。
注意:
(1) 其他系动词如,look,appear等也可用于此句型
(2) 不定式作为句子成分时,动词用单数形式。
(3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is… to…的句型
(对)To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
(错)It is to believe to see.
三. 动词不定式作宾语
后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有:agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。
1、We hope to get there before dark. 我们希望天黑以前到那儿。
2、The man decided to do it herself. 那个男人决定自己做那件事。
动词不定式作宾语的注意事项(2点)
1. 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语,也可跟动名词作宾语,但含义不同:
remember to do 记住要做某事
remember doing 记得曾经做过某事
forget to do忘记要做某事
forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事
stop to do 停下来去做某事
stop doing 停止做某事
go on to do 继续做另一件事
go on doing 继续做原来在做的事
2. 不定式作宾语时,如带有宾语补足语,则要把不定式放到后面,用it作形式宾语,构成“主语+动词+it+宾补(形容词、名词)+不定式”结构。
如:He found it very difficult to get to sleep.他发现很难入睡。
四. 动词不定式作宾语补足语
1. 后面能接to不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等。
The teacher told us to do Exercise 1. 老师要我们做练习一。
I want both of you to go. 我要你们俩去。
We helped her (to) repair her bike. 我们帮助她修理自行车。
2. 使役动词let, have, make及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等要以不带to的不定式作宾补。
Let’s have a rest. 我们休息一会吧。
I saw him come in. 我看见他进来了。
感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补,也可跟v-ing作宾补,前者表示动作的全部过程已结束;后者表示动作正在进行。
I saw him come downstairs.我看见他下了楼。(说明他下楼了这件事)
I saw him coming downstairs.我看见他在下楼。(说明他下楼时的情景)
五. 动词不定式作状语
Later he left home to work in different cities. 不久他离开家到不同的城市工作。
He went to see a football match. 他去看足球比赛了。
In order to catch the other students, I must work hard.
为了赶上其他同学,我必须努力学习。
六. 动词不定式作定语
不定式作定语一般放在所修饰的词的后面。
I need something to eat.
Do you have something to read?
Tom was so excited that he had no word to say.
He is really a fool only to eat.
The man to stand here just now is our English teacher.
The doctor had no way to save the patient.
注意:
(1)作定语的不定式是由及物动词组成,被修饰的名词或代词与不定式之间存在方位或方式关系需要有介词。
I am looking for a room to live in. 我正在找一间住房。(方位关系)
We have many things to do experiments with.
我们有许多做实验的东西(方式关系)
(2)作定语的不定式是由“be + adj + prep”构成的动词短语。
Here there isn’t any book for me to be interested in.
We have done many things to proud of. 我们做了许多引以自豪的事。
七. 动词不定式作主语
To give is better than to receive.
To reach there on foot is impossible.
动词不定式作主语时,可以用it 代替,把实际主语不定式放在后面。
It’s better to give than to receive.
It’s impossible to reach there on foot.
It’s + adj + for sb. to do sth.
It’s not difficult for me to study English well.
It’s easy for him to work out this math problem.
在这个句型中,如果形容词与不定式的逻辑主语关系密切,并且形容词用来说明逻辑主语的性质、品质、特点等,由of引出逻辑主语。这类形容词主要有nice, kind, good, wrong, right等。
八. 动词不定式和疑问词连用
动词不定式可以和疑问词what, which, how, where, when连用,构成不定式短语,可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。
How to do is still a question.
Have you decided when to leave?
九. 动词不定式的否定形式
动词不定式的否定式是在to前加not;不带to的不定式则在动词前加not. 如:
Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day. 张明要我不要整天呆在家里。
My mother let me not do it by myself. 妈妈让我不要独自做这件事。
被动语态:
英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态
主动语态(The Active Voice)表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态(The Passive Voice)表示主语是动作的承受者。
构成:承受者+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
一般现在时:承受者+助动词am / is/are +及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
一般过去时:承受者+助动词was / were +及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
承受者+助动词shall / will be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
承受者+助动词 have/ has been+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
承受者+ can /may/must/should +be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
被动语态用法:
1)当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁,或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时,需用被动语态。
2)当我们需要强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态。
3)如果需要说出动作的执行者, 用by引导出动作的执行者。
主动语态变为被动语态时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
主动语态变为被动语态时有以下几种情况:
1)主语+谓语动词+宾语
将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(主动)We bought a book yesterday.
(被动)The book was bought yesterday.
2)主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
将主动语态中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语。多数情况下将间接宾语变为主语。如果直接宾语变为主语时,间接宾语前要加介词to / for。
(主动)He showed me a book yesterday.
(被动)I was showed a book yesterday.
(被动)The book was showed to me yesterday.
3)主语+谓语动词+复合宾语
含有一个由宾语加宾语补足语构成的复合宾语,变为被动语态时,将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语,宾语补足语保留不变,成为主语补足语。
(主动)I found him a good pupil. (宾语补足语)
(被动)He was found a good pupil. (主语补足语)
4)短语动词变为被动语态
有些短语动词相当于一个及物动词,其后可以接宾语,因此它们也有被动语态,但短语动词是不可分割的整体,变为被动语态时不可去掉其后面的介词或副词。
(主动)We should look after the patients very well.
(被动)The patients should be looked after very well by us.
5)宾语从句变为被动语态
若主动语态中是宾语从句,变为被动语态时常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语放在后面。
It’s said that he passed the exam.
被动语态应注意的几个特殊问题:
(1)不及物动词带介词和介词宾语,在变为被动语态时,仍然要带上介词。
(主动)The students in class listen to the teacher carefully.
(被动)The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.
(2)当动词带有复合宾语时,并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时,在被动语态中应加上“to”。
(主动)They make do all the work.
(被动)We were made to do all the work.
(主动)We often hear her sing English songs.
(被动)She is often heard to sing English songs.
(主动)I see him walk to school.
(被动)He is seen to walk to school.
拓展阅读:怎么提高英语成绩背单词
单词的积累在英语的学习中是最基础也是非常重要的一步。但是不少同学经常会出现背看就忘的情况,这里李老师教大家一个方法:
结合一下读音来背,边读这个单词,边用手指划一下怎么写。除此之外还要注意,记单词不要只会看着中文背英文,也要反过来看着英文说中文,最好边背边写。
背课本
背书虽然是一件非常枯燥的事情,但是对于提升英语成绩却是实打实的有用,所以同学们一定要坚持住,慢慢的你就会看到质的变化。
学会听
提高听力最关键的地方并不在于你听了多少东西,而是在选择听力材料时要考虑自己的词汇量水平。
另外,要学会精听和泛听。精听指能够听出原文中的所有细节(特别是数字),包括时态,单复数,第三人称等。泛听指能够在听力材料中汲取重现巩固知识点,培养耳朵对英文的敏感度,获取新的知识。
大胆说
学习英语最忌讳的就是闭口不言,在心里默念跟讲出来真的很不一样。
同学们平时可以尝试反复高声朗读课文,这种做法的目的是培养自己的语感,只有具备了语感,才能在做习题时不假思索、下意识地写出正确答案。
记笔记
初中的知识点不多,平时上课的时候就养成做笔记的习惯,如果课上做的笔记太乱,可以课后再用笔记本整理一下,整理下来你会发现很多知识点老师都在重复地讲,最后发现就那么些知识点要掌握。
提兴趣
培养学习英语的兴趣可以从美剧入手,一开始先尝试简单易懂的剧,不要第一次就挑谍战片、科幻片,大量生词的那种,很影响剧情理解。
多一份投入,多一种学习,多一些 反思 ,多一点执着。对于英语,我们需要把陌生的单词片语和句型语法不断的熟悉和熟练,重复重复再重复,熟练熟练再熟练,是学会英语的不二法门。下面是我给大家整理的一些初三英语知识点的学习资料,希望对大家有所帮助。
九年级英语 下册知识点 总结
1. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事(主动语态)如:
Mother allows me to watch TV every night. 妈妈允许我每晚看电视。
be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事(被动语态)如:
LiLy is allowed to go to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允许去钦州。
2. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞
让/使(别人)做某事 get sth. done(过去分词)
have sth. done 如:
I get my car made. == I have my car made. 我让别人修好我的车
3. enough 足够
形容词+enough 如:beautiful enough 足够漂亮
enough+名词 如:enough food 足够食物
enough to足够…去做… 如:
I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。
She is old enough to go to school.她够大去读书了。
4. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 Please stop speaking.请停止说话。
stop to do sth. 停止下来去做某事 Please stop to speak.
请停下来说话。
5. 看起来好像…sb. seem to do sth. He seems to feel very sad.
it seems that +从句It seems that he feels very sad. 他看起来好像很伤心。
6. 系动词不能独立作谓语,要和表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有:look, feel, be, become, get, turn, smell, taste, stay(保持), kept等。连系动词除be 和become 等少数词可接名词作表语外,一般都是接形容词。 如:
They are very happy. He became a doctor two years ago.
She felt very tired.
第一学期初三英语知识点总结
1.Enjoy/like/love/be fond of doing sth. 喜欢做某事
eg:She is fond of doing chemical experiments. 她喜欢做化学实验。
2.Keep/keep on/carry on/go on doing sth. 继续做某事
eg:We keep on going on and on cause this is where we both belong. 让我们一直拥有,并走下去,因为这是我们俩共同拥有的。
3.Feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
eg:I feel like giving up on the job. 我觉得我不能从工作中摆脱出来。
4.Practice doing sth. 练习做某事
eg:They practice doing so quickly and accurately. 他们学习快而准确的做。
5.Give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
eg:If my boss asks me to do such kind of thing any more, Ill give up working. 如果我老板再要我做这样的事,我就辞职不干了。
6.Be good at/do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事
eg:For example, the Dutch do well in disposing of wastes. 欧洲就非常善于使用再生资源,例如:荷兰的垃圾。
7.Pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事
eg:We should pay attention to our behavior in public. 在公共场所应注意自己的言谈举止。
8.What about/how about doing sth. ……怎么样(好吗)?
eg:What about editing of the film? 这部**的编辑怎么样呢?
9.Thank you for doing sth. 为……感谢某人
eg:Thank you for flying with us. 谢谢您乘坐我们的飞机。
10.Mind doing sth. 介意做某事
eg:Would you mind doing me a favour? 你介意帮我个忙吗?
11.Be used for doing sth./be used to do sth. 被用来做某事
eg:Computers are used to do many jobs in the office. 电脑在办公室被用来做很多事。
12.Spend… (in) doing sth. 花时间做某事
eg:How much time you spend doing daily exercise? 你每天花多少时间做运动?
13.Be busy doing/with sth. 忙于做某事
eg:He is busy with some important work. 他忙着处理一些重要的工作。
14.Finish doing sth. 做完某事
eg:Youd better finish doing your homework tonight. 你今晚完成家庭作业。
初三英语知识点总结
1.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……Therearedifferentopinionsamongpeopleasto____.Somepeoplesuggestthat____。
2.俗话说(常言道)……,它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使在今天,它在许多场合仍然适用。Thereisanoldsaying______.It“stheexperienceofourforefathers,however,itiscorrectinmanycaseseventoday。
3.现在,……,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先,……;其次,……更为糟糕的是……Today,____,which have brought a lot of harmsinourdailylife. First,____Second,____. What makes things worse is that______。
4.现在,……很普遍,许多人喜欢……,因为……,另外(而且)……Nowadays,itiscommonto______.Manypeoplelike______because______.Besides,______。
5.相反,有一些人赞成……,他们相信……,而且,他们认为……Onthecontrary,therearesomepeopleinfavorof___.Atthesametime,theysay____。
6.但是,我认为这不是解决……的好 方法 ,比如……最糟糕的是……ButIdon”tthinkitisaverygoodwaytosolve____.Forexample,____.Worstofall,___。
7.……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的,(也是)非常重要的。首先,……而且……,最重要的是……______isnecessaryandimportanttoourcountry“sdevelopmentandconstruction.First,______.What”smore,_____.Mostimportantofall,______。
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